Věřit znamená vidět. Biologie jako ideologie

Text objasňuje mechanismy používané k legitimizaci genderových rozdílů skrze biologii, stejně jako epistemologický omyl sociálních a biologických věd s ohledem na současný výzkum o genderových rozdílech. Četné příklady ukazují skryté nerovnosti, jež jsou vsazeny do samotného nitra struktury a hodnot americké společnosti. Hlavní argument ilustruje roli očekávání při dekódování naší vizuální percepce a odkrývá ideologicky zatížené biologické výklady reality

Inclusive Masculinity in a Fraternal Setting

This ethnographic research uses thirty-two in-depth interviews and two years of par-ticipant observation on a large chapter of a national fraternity to examine the construc-tion of masculinity among heterosexual men. Whereas previous studies of masculine construction maintain that most men in fraternities attempt to bolster their masculinity through the approximation of requisites of hegemonic masculinity, this research shows that there also exists a more inclusive form of masculinity institutionalized in the fra-ternal system: one based on social equality for gay men, respect for women, and racial parity and one in which fraternity men bond over emotional intimacy

The tyranny of the male preserve

Within this paper I draw on short vignettes and quotes taken from a two-year ethnographic study of boxing to think through the continuing academic merit of the notion of the male preserve. This is an important task due to evidence of shifts in social patterns of gender that have developed since the idea was first proposed in the 1970s. In aligning theoretical contributions from Lefebvre and Butler to discussions of the male preserve, we are able to add nuance to our understanding of how such social spaces are engrained with and produced by the lingering grasp of patriarchal narratives. In particular, by situating the male preserve within shifting social processes, whereby certain men’s power is increasingly undermined, I highlight the production of space within which narratives connecting men to violence, aggression and physical power can be consumed, performed and reified in a relatively unrestricted form. This specific case study contributes to gender theory as an illustration of a way in which we might explore and understand social enclaves where certain people are able to lay claim to space and power. As such, I argue that the notion of the male preserve is still a useful conceptual, theoretical and political device especially when considered as produced by the tyranny of gender power through the dramatic representation and reification of behaviours symbolically linked to patriarchal narrations of manhood

Internal medicine specialists' attitudes towards working part-time: a comparison between 1996 and 2004

BACKGROUND: Although medical specialists traditionally hold negative views towards working part-time, the practice of medicine has evolved. Given the trend towards more part-time work and that there is no evidence that it compromises the quality of care, attitudes towards part-time work may have changed as well in recent years. The aim of this paper was to examine the possible changes in attitudes towards part-time work among specialists in internal medicine between 1996 and 2004. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether these attitudes were associated with individual characteristics (age, gender, investments in work) and whether attitudes of specialists within a partnership showed more resemblance than specialists' attitudes from different partnerships. METHODS: Two samples were used in this study: data of a survey conducted in 1996 and in 2004. After selecting internal medicine specialists working in general hospitals in The Netherlands, the sample consisted of 219 specialists in 1996 and 363 specialists in 2004. They were sent a questionnaire, including topics on the attitudes towards part-time work. RESULTS: Internal medicine specialists' attitudes towards working part-time became slightly more positive between 1996 and 2004. Full-time working specialists in 2004 still expressed concerns regarding the investments of part-timers in overhead tasks, the flexibility of task division, efficiency, communication and continuity of care. In 1996 gender was the only predictor of the attitude, in 2004 being a full- or a part-timer, age and the time invested in work were associated with this attitude. Furthermore, specialists' attitudes were not found to cluster much within partnerships. CONCLUSION: In spite of the increasing number of specialists working or preferring to work part-time, part-time practice among internal medicine specialists seems not to be fully accepted. The results indicate that the attitudes are no longer gender based, but are associated with age and work aspects such as the number of hours worked. Though there is little evidence to support them, negative ideas about the consequences of part-time work for the quality of care still exist. Policy should be aimed at removing the organisational difficulties related to part-time work and create a system in which part-time practice is fully integrated and accepted

Whose problem, whose decision ? New reproductive technologies in female, male, and couple infertility [Qui a un problème ? Qui décide ? Les nouvelles techniques de reproduction contre la stérilité des hommes, des femmes, des couples]

Lorber Judith. Whose problem, whose decision ? New reproductive technologies in female, male, and couple infertility [Qui a un problème ? Qui décide ? Les nouvelles techniques de reproduction contre la stérilité des hommes, des femmes, des couples]. In: Diplômées, n°146, 1988. France-USA. Comparaison des réactions de nos sociétés devant le progrès des connaissances et des techniques en biogénétique de la transmission de la vie : Séminaire AFFDU-Currier 3-4 mars 1988. pp. 181-199

Judith Lorber, Whose problem, whose decision ? New reproductive technologies in female, male, and couple infertility

Lorber Judith. Judith Lorber, Whose problem, whose decision ? New reproductive technologies in female, male, and couple infertility. In: Diplômées, n°146, 1988. France-USA. Comparaison des réactions de nos sociétés devant le progrès des connaissances et des techniques en biogénétique de la transmission de la vie : Séminaire AFFDU-Currier 3-4 mars 1988. p. 245

Judith Lorber, A qui le problème, a qui le choix ? Les nouvelles techniques de reproduction dans la stérilité féminine, masculine et du couple

Lorber Judith. Judith Lorber, A qui le problème, a qui le choix ? Les nouvelles techniques de reproduction dans la stérilité féminine, masculine et du couple. In: Diplômées, n°146, 1988. France-USA. Comparaison des réactions de nos sociétés devant le progrès des connaissances et des techniques en biogénétique de la transmission de la vie : Séminaire AFFDU-Currier 3-4 mars 1988. p. 236